Smelting and briqueting process.



B. T GGLLEY. SM'ELTING AND BRIQUBMNG wams.

APPLICATION IILED DBG. 15, 1911,

Patented June ,f3` wifi.

CRUSHER *www* H2504 mmme@ Q @O \Y"/C"(L` i b Y 0% mi www H2504 j tHYDRATEQ CasoAAJ EJEL-"BFEU-Lm) BEHRNG COPPER FINES ADRPTED TO UEFLAGHMTE 0 YIELD 5 m A man. Hmm

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BLMST FURNHCE BW! liti BERNAR) T. COLLIER', 0F RANGAUA, UYULE.

Specification ofjetters Yatent.

'Application tiled December iti, will. Serial he. $55,237:?.

Patented dnnellllfili d.

invented certain new and useful improver ments in Smelting and Briqueting' Processes, of which the following a specification.

This invention deals with various improvements in the metallurgical treatment of mineral-bearing materials; and from one aspect it involves a preliminary treatment whereby certain ores which have heretofore been better suited for'reverberatory-furnace work may nowbe briqueted with various binders for blast-furnace sinelting; from an other aspect it is concerned with the formation of briquets from a new combination of ingredients including briquet roasted ores with my novel bindingngent; 'from another aspect it combines and intererelates either or vboth of these improvements with certain other economic adaptations ot the general smelting system. lt is noteworthy however thatcertuin advaiitages characteristie of'a somewhat specific but very valuable embodiment of this invention irominently appear in its utilization whereby ordinary fines i may be briqueted through the instrumentality of plaster oi' Paris as a binding; an'ent in (aimbination with the other in gredicnts of the briquet.

(lne object within the oontelnl'ilation of this invention is to simplify the sinelting ot sulfur-bearing ores available. in a conuninutcd comlilion by means ot a process in which certain steps will be so formulated individually and will be so related to other operations that the major difiiculties ordinarily encountered in customary methods of treating such ores lfrom a commercial standpoint will be largely obviated or practically eliminated. Y I

Another'objgt is to make it commercially possible tosat'isfactorily briquet certain ores, which for reasons heretofore obscure have resisted efforts iii-that direction, by ascertainingr the reali causes and proposing a remedy whereby auch ores may be brought into a condition suitable for briqueting.

A further object ofgths invention is to devise a system of briqueting such that raw materials readily available a situ may, in connection with certain parts of the general process be wel] adapted for use as a binder in the briqueting operation.

il further object is to devise a binder et a character readily available in commerce or capable ofJbeing manufactured in a, simple and inexpensive nianner at the sinelter by utilizing certain vaste products thereof, and Which'will be ot a nature capable ot belier,r readily handled by unskilled labor in briqueting ne orc concentrates without requirin the' use of slow-operating and inn volve` machines employing high preaenres in the molding; but which binder may easily .be made into bricks with ores tlirough the instrumentality ot' simple briclnnalting inachines requiring a minimum of time and attendance.

This invention furthermore proposea a binder which will act in a very effective manner to hold particles of the briquet te gether even when `stored `during long inter-- vals ot time or when `subjected to relatively rough handling;n and which will operate satisfactorily in a blast furnace.

ilnother and still more specific aim oi" this invention is to provide a binder consisting,r of sulfur bearing material which when used as propoaed for briqueting sulfur-bearing ores will be of a very permanent character and avoid or effectively lresist the disintegrating influences to which other binders have yield ed during a. period. ot' storage or while han tiling the same.

The annexed drawing,r diagramnlatically illustrates a general ranching and briopietingy system exemphtylng the various features ol" this invention and the cyclic rclationtherebetween.

As an introductory to a moredetailed discussion of the novel features underlying the .commercial utility of this invention, itniay be preliniinarily observed that` the extraction ot metals from their ores` asj for exannole,V copper from its sulfur-bearing concentrates, consists of a number of successive steps or treatments all of which are. .more or less in terclependena A. ditliculty frequently en* countered in one oi these steps resides in the handling; of finelyy divided orc concentrates in the blast furnace. ,lo satisfactorily ppcrate a blast it'urnace. the charge should-be composed of cmnparatively large lumps, because line ores are the occasion ot' heavy mechanical losses when smelling; in the blastfurnace. For that reason, in copper smelh ing, a reverberatory furnace new very gen: orally used for line ores. ii

v, under the eenciitimis in i;

To devise e niehed of briqneting which l. will be altogether simple' i-ene a nianipeefv tive standpoint und equaiiy eective 13mm nieteiiiu 'ieai standpoint, Wiliie a the 'Lime eimieting the diiiieuitiea eneeenei in ein pi'zxeiiee, has been i 1 wi h ii in been piepesed an siireeefs eiii'iei' because i155: been recognize@ a quete of suiiieien con neretefeie that by a certain Fes may be se changed i seiiQ iie leiiuireznenie ei' the ein eevizie the ciiiiieuity. 'Se aise, 'eri-ein @itil-52? Wise f .'ziiia'nie binding ngens have eeen dis' Cani/f eeniinei'eini neni'eiiabiiiy in remote infirteis er beeziiise et' un lnebiity te devise e ineiiied of leeeiiy nmnufzie sneii agents which, in u 1n 'elija nainienieiis with 'g e 11s;- iiif;l will utilize e "y e" pi'odne' thereof, eee een;

5, i' neve nef *"Jf -eii'iealiy improved am If bifiqueing by utilizan einsteii ei Faris as e biniiiiig ugent in comi innii i the eine? ngiedi nis, ii e i have. mixe iei'niuieed en improvement in die general sinei. ng geheime eieby Various ei which have hei 33e ed te respond to biiqueaing are ifghi; available by :i Very inexpensive tree nienb` and whereby certain eine? operations may be carried out in f1 Way miei an e2;- ten net heretofore eeinniereieiiy possible. i' have also so deised he germi-zii seiien'ie of Smeiting that tile binding agent, piaster Pmis, preferably empieyeci in he briqueting Sien may he prnfiue eeenemieeiiy thieugi ile ius'iimienaiity @if einer Sie" waste p1' eimnis, such Sulfur-bearing and fit' the Seme time mi iizeiiiziiiy reihe the ennesien eignen l into the aimes innere ei' iiie neighbaiuing eenmiuniiy.

'it hns been observed herezoi'oi'e that biiquete mede ci eeriain eiueses of oies Lin-:ier

prevailing methods areunsatisfaeteljyowing te the feet tiizit they disintegrate preme,- ui'eiy in the blast-furnace. The cause of the inaihu'e im been aiti'ibutefi ie the eeet of pressure and an incompatibility between the binding ugent ind 'iaiitieuiar ore used i furnace or' @tigervi have, however, e Sem'eied as a reti of extensive inveciti iiens that twe vey iene fac-tors, eitnei" or beih of which may eee me ffiiiuies, 1i-e: (a.) an intensified entity for deiegreting gosses-sed by Cerel.' eseped the selective attention i the ineniiurgist by reason eine? of the l,tempeniture, iprefer ie use lpermitiinggg a very ey i ein. anp Se. iii siiific' c :Teenie-eey Siep in iep inveives D e@ S, C1125, eie. when ,in has reached the neeessey en appwe' hoi 0i Wedge masters. Sheul fnei be needed7 any kind may be used, but since the ijeasting or heating period Wlii be short, the

L 'iei consumption xviii iie veiy Smaii if not i espeeiaiiy since zhe heat eoinplished by steam maintained at a suitable pressure, birgit is however perfectly feasible Yto ui'ilize *che Waste heet from the converter to dehydrate the gypsum. This .possesses `the aeyen'tage that the gases which 'enter the inouih of lthe line from the converter at 3.600 degrees C., would be cooled by the endoiherinic dehydration process to a ien'iperaiure belou` the 1formaiion point of SUB i. e. 430 degrees. Therefore, lhese sulur-bearing 0'ases may be simultaneously.

utilized by aL V.i1-oper exclusion of eir from the flue, for the dehydration and the produccion of he acid, The temperature may be maintained at l2@C C. in f he dehydrating Vais in yarious Ways, :is by the use of steam or /aulgoinatio temperature controllers which `would bypass the Temoerature yariations below 120C C. resulting from converter uetuaiions may occur Without an undue inrererence with he dehydration proeess, since the later can take place at a iempera'iure as low 80.0, but the temperature should nobriseabore 2.203 C., oiheru'ise the fuer will be driven off.

pans, and if the dustv has been D rues-ione has been employed, the will bequie pure and 'White and Weii u iLed for he ordinary applicaiions of this cement. Thus, l have proposed a novel product s i f and essen'eielly pracieable method of pro dneing plaster of Paris commercially. By thus lesseningl the cost oi this cement, i may now be used Where heretofore prohibited, for eren wih coarse particles i@ makes a goed sirong concreio well suitable for many purposes.

A Very import-ank embodiment of an integral paril of niy infention is based on my 'discovery feha biqueis in which plaster of Doris is used the binding' agent are reinar-liable for iheir esce leuce from a meellurgieal standpoint. l here ascertained as a result oi' niy experiments ilia, when ore is briqueted Wih even s rnalier 'percentages of plaster of Paris than isl customary with other binders, the brique/ts possess Very superior qualities in hardness and sustaining power. c

An advantage promoting rapid production and handling resides in the uct that my binder connes quickly to a good sexi.l I have also' discovered iliat il; is not essential or materially advantageous to employ pres sures in forming the briquets, and conse-v quently the operation may be`perormed by means of a wire-cui4 brick-rnachine thereby materially lowering the eostor briqueting as conipered-- with machines of die pressure type.v Preferably, e machine will be used which will perform its work Within two rh scid-making eases and a o'ood o n c i expenditure.

possess minutes from the time the materiali is Weiied and fed to the machine. From 5-l0% of plaser of :Faris is recommended for ordinary eases,and generally about 5% will sufncej and coarser particles of materials may handled es 'easily as i nes because my binder acts very much as does the cem/ni in concrete. y

The plaster of Paris may be employed 'biiruieing sulfur-bearingoreg with g@ advantage and such bricks may be stored long` periods Wit-hout disintegraiing, by the oxidation'fof sulds into sulfates or by similar chemical reactions such es could occur with olier cement@ 'owing to the iae; the' plaster of Paris is itself a sulfate compound. liithin ten minutes or less, the briqueis *hns made will taire o. comparatively rn set, consequently, my syst-ein does noe require the exercise of extraordinary` care inl hani lling the suine to preyenr1 breakage, and Willi proper provisions io avoid excessive falls, much of the labor and pains heretofore necessary Wirh oiher hinders be avoided hy using' a bell; for delivering' lie bricgueis directly to the bins. The firmness, drebiiity and Jchoroupfn efieet'iyeness oi "l briquets ihus made will appeal ai. ones any ineifallung'isi, especially in the he applications thereof herein proposedv have thus mad without pressure brique oi' copper concentrates i Wiih 5% of my hinder. which after three days sustained a pressure of upward of 90 lbs. per squaresiueh, as :igninst i5 lbs. per square ine;A sus ruined by briquets similarly mede iyiih burnt linie as the' binder. l have also dis covered thai, contrary to 'what might be espected, iny briquets do notappear io erunble or break' by the dehydration of the calcium-sulfate when heating to fusion, bui ape 4pear io hossess the remarkable quality of ing the melting operation have a largeA fuelv yalue. Under these circumstances, l. iliere fore propose io replace sinteringf b A plaster briquets which will allow all the sul rur and iron ro hel oxidized directly in-i5he blast-furnace, ,thereby avoidinglhe use o1 inaeriel calling` for reduction and necessita-ing a corresponding increase in the hier lli li l5 'their supply of sulfur,

about a dull-red or upward for a illy method et briqueting and myV new" been' used under such conditions. lFurthermore-my system couldbe advantageously used in connection with acharne prepared for lead-smelting' for fine ores not requiring to be roasted, vsince the sulfur of the binder would be driven oli S03 and would not. enter inte the formation of matte. ln plants which depend on concentrates for this system would also be 'very advantageous as the briquet beine; hard and compact would deliver the sulfur into the fusion zone much as does lumpy orc..l f,

Viewing' the foregoing, in the light of eurrent knowledge those skilled in this art will thereafter be enabled to readily utilize various steps and relations thereof which shall have become known as .interchangeably available with and metallurnically equivalent to those herein specified and which although perhaps calculated to appear widely different under a Superficial inspection, and follow in a varied sequence, would nevertheless embody certain il. not all of the herein described features which, `trom the aspect of the prior art, constitute essential andadvantageous characteristics of this in- `vcntion, and and accordingly are intended to be comprehendcd within. the wordim;` and scope of the following' claims.

ll'aving thus disclosed my invention through the foregoing typical examples thereof, l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

l. l method ot briqueting materials containing or composed oi a substance havino' 'the capacity ol' evolving sulfur at a dull red heat comprising heating1 the material at a dull-red heat or over for a short time, inixii'ig' the ple-treated material with a suitable (punitity ot a binding-agent, and then 'forming the resultant mixture into a multiiilicity ol blocks.

2. A method of briquetinp; materials containing lleS.l comprising heating the Inaterial 'for a short period at about a dullred 'teniperature to convert the Fobia into lieti, mixing; the pre-treated material With a suitable miautity o'l' a binding gft-aat, and then forming the resultant n'iixtin'e into a .i'nultiplioity olf blocks.

ffl. A method o't briqueting materials containing or'lconuiosed of a, dellag'rating substance comprisingP heating' the material at short period, mixing said pre-treated material with a suitable quantity of a binding agent, and then 'forming the resultant mixture into a multiplicity ot' blocks.

VinoF tem )eratures coni )risino' M b therefore such processes should i then 4. A method ot briqueting materials containing or composed of a sibstanee having the capacity of deflagratinggbelow smeltingy temperature com rising heating .the Ina-? tcrial atthe detlagrating temperature until 70 the delagrating action has substantially ceased, mixing :Said pre-treated material with a suitable q utity of a binding' agent, and then forming he resultant mixture into a multiplicity of blocks.

` 5i A method of briquetin'g,r materials containing or composed of a substance 'having the capacity of evolving; `gaseous matter below smelting; temperatures comprising itl heating the material at its gas-evolving tempera' 80 ture until theevolution has substantially discontinued, mixing said pre-treated material with a suitable quantity of a binding agent, and then forming' the resultant mixture into a multiplicity ot blocks.

if. A method of briqueting materials con- A taining or composed ot' a substance having the capacity of evolving sulfur below smeltheatingl "the material Aat its sulfur evolving temperature 9o until the evolution has substantially discontinued, mixing the pre-treated material with a suitable quantity of a binding agent, and then forming the resultant mixture into u multiplicity oli' blocks.

7. A method of. briqueting materials containing' or composed of detlagratingsub-r stance comprising heating the material at about a dull-red or upward for a short period', mixing said pre-treated material Wit-h 100 a suitable quantity of plaster of Paris and forming the resultant mixture into a multiplicity ot blocks,

8. Axnethod of briqueling materials containing' or composed oi a substance having 105 the capacity of dellag'ating below smelling temperatures comprising' heating the matcrial at the dclagrating temperature until the dclagrating action has substantially ceased, mixing' said pre-treated material 110 with a suitable quantity of plaster of Paris and then forming; the resultant mixture into a multiplicity of blocks.

9. A method of lmiqueting' materials containing or composed of a substance having llt the capacity of evolving lgaseous matter below smoltinp; temperatures comprisingr heating the material at its gas-evolving' temperature until the evolution has substantially discontinued, mixing' said pre-treated ma- 12o terial with a suitable quantity ol plaster ot Paris and then 'forming the resultant mixture into a multiiiilicity of blocks.

l0. A method ot briqucting' materials containing' or eon'rposcd ol? a substance having 125 the capacity of evolving,r sulfur below smeltingr temperatures comprising' beating 'the material :at its sulfur evolving' temperature until the evolution has substantially discontinued, mixing the pre-iii-calmi material 13o with a suiulilo quantioy of plaster of lalis, dull-red heat 'Comprising healing the imitezuid thou forming the resultuil: mixture ito iai at a. clull-refl'l-lioat or over for sliol; a multiplicity of blocl s lime, mixing tl1o"} ')1'elieule(l maleiial with ll. A method oi' briquetiug maierials con a 'uitoble quam-ily of Water und plnste of 5 taining or composed of a substance having Paris, and alien pi'omptly forming the ren 7G the capacity of evolving sulfur at a clull- Suli'zuit mixture While iu a plastic Stute int-o red heut comprising;.heating the niueiial a multipliciy of blocks. at flullded. ovei.' for a suo. lime, 1S. A method of briquetiiig conceniiale mixing the pie-treated material Willi a suitcontaining FeSg comprising heating the mw lo able quantity of plasler of Paris .and lien leiial for a short peiiocl at about a dull-red g5 forming the iesultaii mixui'e iuo a mu temperature to convert the lleSzl into llc-S, tiplicigf; of blocks. mixing the pie--ai' eaiie.cl maeial with a suit l2. A method of lirigueii able. euuiti'iy of Waei and plaster of Paris, 'taining ll'e: comprising ll mul liezi foi-ming ille resulfuil. mix ure into l5 iial iol' a slloi period :1 a inulliplioity of blocks. g@ tompeiuure lo convey@ 'clio Fr, 19. method of luiqueliiug sulfur-bemuiixiug lio jpro-ieulefl maleiii. ing` materials eoiilaining or Composed off u able f iiiiity of plaster of Pu i dolag'iating substance oompising heating forni ille iesulaut uiixliu'e i 7 lio mal'eiial about u dull-rod or uinuurcl 2o plicity of blocks. for n slioit period, mixing' said pr-e-liealecl 13. A. melliocl ol briqueting mineral sul material with Water and about 5 to 10% of lids Conuiiiing or composed of a cleiiug12- plagiei of Polis, and lieii forming the roiug Substance comprising lieatii tho masull'mit moisi mixture inio a multiinlici of ferial at about u Llull-ref, or upward .gior a blocks.

peiimlj lui'ffiw said pre-treated ma- QO. A methoclof bricuieting ilur-beaf- 9o @emi-uro until lie defi-grating aoioi 'las S :substantially ceased, mixing solo ple-ii material with wat pluslor of Paiis, amel tlien forming ille ife- Asultzmf'; moist mixture into a mulliplicity of blocks. i 10"* w l .I i .i yiu mung une capacity oi o olvuig u" olivi' below smeltiug eueifoiu'es until ille evol itiou luis miziug said l l-ieulecl niziteiial uf; 1 Water ma ulm I of ulnsle? of ziiisg mtl lilou foifuii "the, i'orsulluilz uiois' mixture iuzo u mul plioiy of lloclo,

` i etliocl of bliquelti7 $5 Coiieeg l' Containing' oi? co npoecl of a 5 ing' ilio fupaoil; of evolving meliugg temperatures comp e maiei'iul ui its sulfur evo o until lio evolution, liu Coutiiuieil, mixing lie prf rial willi i eier und oout 5 to L lei of Paris, and than iominf" l re moist nuzituie iuio n iuultiplv y of 23 method of loiiqueting oonoenl ai at its smsl low smell' ing the uo' I @ou iniug or Composed of a, subsi-ance hav -1 Y ling the cap-Lief' of evolving suluf at e..

flu Llieii fiumi; the

A mill-red hem i healing* lle mail@ L25 a uiuliplioity of rial ai; a (lull-rei; heal: oi' ove? lor short .w I f limee mixing the Di'erieatecl material u'iili i 7. A. meglio-i of oiiqueliugnmuieiul Sulwater and aboul: n5 to 10% of plas'er of 1 i i n W nrioollml 1g o eoniposeo oi bulibtouco l ons, aud then loz'niuigllie resultant moist W n@ fing, mi@ oapaoiby o evolving sulfur ai: a mixtufe iuo' a multiplicity of blocks. 130

Elli. A. method of briqueting mineral eullids containing lfetlg comprieing heating the muteiiul. for :i short period at about zi dull red temperature to coin/'crt thc llefl2 .into FSS, mixing the pre-treated :materiel with Water and about 5 to10% oil plaster ot' lnric, und then forming the resultant iuoitf mii;- ture into :i l multiplicity of blocks.

25. Aiuetliod of briquoting of the nature disclosed consisting in mixing eoinminuted oro with c relatively small lamount ol uv hydrutablc sulfur-hearing; cei'nentitious um teriail and then promptly forming the sultiiiit mixture while in u plastic Stute into u. multiplicity of block.Q and permitting; the :sume to set prior to usii'ig thc suine.

26. A. method of briquetiiur off the nelure disclosed consisting in mixing' Sultur-beary ing fines with a relatively stnnll amount. olf c liydrateble sulfur-bearing ceinentitious ,uut-- terizil and then promptly forming the rc-` sultaut mixture While in :i plastic tute into u multiplicity of blocks, und permitting the sume to set prior to using the sume.

27. il method el briqueting; olf thc nature disclosed consisting in mixing u charge coniposed entirely of concentrates with a rela,- tively small amount of :i liydrctalile culturbeuring cementitioue material and then promptly 'forming the resultant mixture while in fr plastic .citate into a multiplicity of blocks,` and permitting the suine to set prior to using the saine.

28. A method of briqueting of the nature diScloSetl coneiftiug in mixing); copper and sulfur-bearing lines with :i relatively snuill amount of :i hydrutalile sulilur-lneuriug cenr eiititious inatcriul und then promptly torining' the resultant mixture While in o plastic Stato into a multiplicity of liloclg, und per mitting` the some to set prior to using the saline.

2E). A method el briqueling of the nature disclosed consisting;` in mixing coinniinjoted ore with about BAO?? of :i liydriiiulilc sul" fur-bearing eemcutitiou@l material and then promptly forming the recultfmt mixture While in a plastic Stute into c multiplicity oli blocks, und permitting the same to cet prior to using; the saine.

30. .tt method of briqluftiug;r of the rmt'ure dieclosed consisting iu mixing sulfur-beur ing; fines with about ulllj, et u liydrotalilc sultuibeziring: cementilious material und. alien prcinptly forming' lilo result ont init ture while in n, plcetic Stute into :i niultiiilieity of blot-,lm und periuiltilur the :time to set prior to using the Sonic.

3l. A method ol' ln'iquetine" ol' the 1mi uro disclosed eouuihtilzg; in mixing; o, vlmrgo cori-- poised entirely of coiuienirulos willi climi" '/'i of u lnydrctfdrle sultur-l1euring reo entitious materiel :unl then promptly forming tlievreuultzmt n'lixt'ure whilefin :t plastic ,Stute into :i multiplicity o l lvlorlce,

sind peru'sitting the @unie to prier 'to using 'the Smile.

Bil. it. method dit liriquetiu oli the nature diucloeed consisting; in mixing copper und, uulfur-hearing lines with about ifi-10% oli u liydrntnlrle Sulfur-bearing' ceiueiititious materiel, und then promptly forming the resultant mixture While in c. plastic state into a. multiplicity ci blocks, and permitting the suine tc set prior to using the sume.

3?), Si methodoi liriqueting of the tiratoreI diselosed consiioting iii mixing con'uiliriuled ore with about 540% ont' plaster oij Paris und their promptly iorniing the resulting mixture While in u plastic siate into u Inoltiplicity of blocks, and perinittiugr tlio runie to ,Liet prior to using the sume l 3l. )i method of llriquetinrg oit the sature disclosed coiniisling in mixing sullfurdiicaiing liner; with about 540% oit pleister of* Peris und then forming the refsultunt iniziture luto o. n'zultiplicity o l blocks7 :tud pci initting 'the same to eet prior to using 'the Sinne.

.lli method oi" loriqu ng oilthe nature disclosed consisting in mixing :i charge con1- vposed entirely of conceutiutes with :dient (i4-'i092'. of plaeter ol` Paris and their formino; the resultant.mixture into a multiplicity ot' blocks, mid permitting; the sume to Set prior to using; the. suine,

36. ri method ont' lniqucting oit the nature 'iles-cd consisting in mixing copper und Sulfur-hearing fines with about zimltl of plaster oit Paris und then forming; the 15esultent mixture into a. multiplicity olf' liloelS, oud permitting the Sumo to Set prior to ucA ingr thc suine.

BT. 9L no]icoinliustile-lc, briquet olf the noturedisclosed odeptcd for the lilusuturnocc slnelting; of sulfur hearing oies und cour posed ot u, muse of coininiuuted 'pre-treated. ore cemented together with, ai icletively small percentage of plaster of Paris.

22%. A process; oit flic nature difaclofied con eistiugr in subjecting :i sulfur-#licoring ere to c treatment adopted lo cyclicsul'tuuliocr ing grises, coi'wertii gus rio evolved into sulfuric uc'ifl, trous' irxuing it comminuted calcium compound, int-o liytlruted calcium Sulfate loy menus ci? auch acid, purl'iolly dc' hydrutiugij Such Fulutc luto plotter ot Peris by means ot? the wute heut ni'uilellle Tgcom e metallurgical trenini/ut olf auch ore, utilizingrthe resulloot gilurrtcr of llurii; us; zi binder liu briqoclini in" les oi" nely divided ore, mult-lwoo l;lmtturrmce uuieltiugr the ore thurs liridurjftf-ftl.

or. il. prom 11: ot the untere disclosflid conin @lilium-ingr :i tu r-luuringgg ore to :i ireziionzl! :lilly-l` ir:i,- ronwrtioe i.. topic Maid1 rnxu'il'ornxu, f rioni murmullo ovolvetl into eulz: wunuiiotted cul- -o'tzefl m'vimii Sul- ,mzmwoi duel,- mifl?, iioriizilly deliy' till lll)

nii

4 binder in briquet-ing ,masses or finely divided ore, and then blast-furnace smelting the orethus briqueted.

e0. A process of the nature disclosed consistng lin transforming a comminuted calcinni compound into hydrated calcium sulfate lay means of sulfuric acid, partially rieliyflrating such sulfate into plaster of aris oy means of the-Waste heet available from a metallurgical treatment of suoli ore, utilisn ing the resultant plaster of Fai-is asa binder in l i'iqiletingiiiasses of finely dividecltore, and the-n blasturnece smelting the oreftlius briquetefl. v r

fi-l, i process of tlie nature disclosed consisting in transforming a coinminutecl calcium compound into hydrated calcium sulfate by means of sulurio acid, partially delai/'dieting suoli sulfate into plaster of Paris, iiizing ,resultant plaster of Paris as a fr oritueting masses of finely cli-vided le? Vrin-52 tlien blast-'furnace sinelting the ore thu lariqiietecl,

- A. metliotl of smelling a sulfur anni messes copper bearing Amaterial in which 20% of the sulfur content does not siiiiciently eX- ceed the copper content to yield a matte too low for economic converting, consisting in first brqueting the unroastccl ore by means of a liyolrataole sulfur-bearing binder and then directly snielting suoli briqueted unroasted` ore in a blast furnace.

43. A method of sinelting sulur and copper bearing material in which 20% 'of the sulfur content does' not sulliciently ein coed tlie copper content to yield a too low for economic converting, consisting in first briqueting the unroasted ore. by means' of plaster or" Paris and tlien directly smelting suoli briquetetl unroastetl ore in blast furnace.

ln Witness whereof, l. have signed the foregoing specification in the presence of the two subscribing Witnesses Santiago, this 23rd clay of August, 19H.

'Witnesses T. El. BARGLAY, i lvlin'rrn, 5r.,

Cil 

